CAS LX 522 Syntax I Fall 2000 October 2, 2000 Paul Hagstrom Week 4: Case Theory and Theory X-bar theory continued (1) XP 3 Spec X specifier 3 YP X adjunct 3 XZP head complement Substitution and adjunction Two kinds of movement: Substitution and Adjunction. theta theory as used in the context of government and binding (Chomsky 1981), and also from approaches that give a lexical semantic representation (LSR) an important place in a theory of argument structure. A THETA THEORETIC ASYMMETRY The fundamental claim will be that the differences between benefactive and instrumental applicatives are due to a technical sense, based on Theta theory, in which clauses with instruments do indeed have two objects, while those with benefactives have only one. AndreiAntonenko LIN 311: Syntax September13,2018 A. Antonenko (Syntax) Theta-theory1/39. Theta Theory explores the lexicon as an interface in the strict sense, as facilitating the flow of information between cognition and the computational system of language. In John encouraged me to leave, we have basically the same three theta roles for encourage that we had for persuade -- the encourager (Agent), the encouraged (say Goal), and the proposition the goal is encouraged to effect (Theme). A common formulation of the Theta Criterion is the one in (1).1 (1) Theta Criterion It argues for the traditional concept of a listed lexicon, where semantic roles are encoded as features of verbs, and against event decomposition. Shelves: reviews-language, read-linguistics. events; it might also be e u0001eriencing some. We will see that this is a very restrictive theory of -role assignment that will force certain analyses of structures which, while not at first obvious, turn out to have a number of positive features which go to support them and in turn this supports the assumption of the UTAH in the first place. Right now, we have the basic tools Syntactic riles must have access to information in the lexicon, but they don't change it. This is supposed to be a universal theory. *Jennie smiled the breadbox. In generative grammar, a theta role or -role is the formal device for representing syntactic argument structure the number and type of noun phrasesrequired syntactically by a particular verb. We are now in a position to be able to understand at least certain aspects of movement. clauses with a predicate that is morphologically marked as finite), the . Case is assigned under terms of government, or at least the nominative and the accusative Cases are assigned this way. Projection principle ensure the presence of west information in phrases and sentences b. It can be written in MySql using ANSI syntax something like the one shown below. However, in practice the result of this approach was often not deeper analyses of interesting phenomena, but rather a banishing of those phenomena from the domain of syntaxtypically into the realm of the . c. *Traci gave a jawbreaker. [dp the boy] i thinks [cp that [dp Mary ] k is cool ] j think Experiencer dp i Proposition C P j be cool theme dp k Worth noting The predicates in theta-grids have no tense. Theta roles are prominent in government and binding theory and the standard theory of transformational grammar. Linguistic variation Theta Criterion There are two Cases that are generally recognized in English--the nominative Case and the accusative Case--the latter is also called the objective Case. Here the subscripts indicate that in (1)', for example, himself must refer to . Chichewa Arts & Humanities 100% In a language such as English, the main device for showing the relationship among words is word order; e.g., in "The girl loves the boy," the subject is in initial position, and the object follows the verb. n in sentence structure is mediated chiefly by th. They show . syntax, the arrangement of words in sentences, clauses, and phrases, and the study of the formation of sentences and the relationship of their component parts. We talk about semantics and introduce theta roles and theta grids. language-specific phrase structure rules stipulate a. the constituents that are permitted in a phrase b. the order in which they are generated More specifically, only DPs that are marked with (abstract) CASE are visible to the mechanisms responsible for distributing -roles.In finite clauses (i.e. Transposing them changes . At birth of formal language theory (comp sci) and formal linguistics Major contribution: syntax is cognitive reality Humans able to learn languages quickly, but not all languages universal grammar is biological Goal of syntactic study: find universal principles and language specific parameters Specific Chomskyan . Syntax and Stylistics Passive, Theta Roles, and Wh-movement the developing conception of the syntax/semantic interface in which Fregean function-application is the semantic correlate of the syntactic Merge operation, as described in Heim and It argues for the traditional concept of a listed lexicon, where semantic roles are encoded as features of verbs, and against event decomposition. 8 Case theory. The reason is that with its overlapping between syntax and semantics, theta theory in a way questions the modular model of grammar. I-2- On Theta Theory: One of Tanya Reinhart's major contributions to linguistic theory is the development of the Theta System, a theory of the interface between the system of concept . Together they form a unique fingerprint. Beside above, what is case theory in syntax? Part one of the book discusses the link between cognition and the lexicon . The structure aspect comprises some sub-theories within this model. Theta Theory explores the lexicon as an interface in the strict sense, as facilitating the flow of information between cognition and the computational system of language. Verbs assign -roles to their arguments. The Methodological Preliminaries section is considered a classic in the field of linguistics. A predicate is said to selectthese required syntactic arguments. Substitution: Replaces an empty (but existing) position with a moved element . In government and binding theory the theta criterion states that in any grammatical sentence each argument must be assigned to one theta role and each theta role must be realized by some argument. a clause. Theta theory requires that theta criterion be fulfilled in order for a verb to used grammatically. Projection principle Lexical information is syntactically coded. For example, the verb put requires three arguments (i.e., it is trivalent) [citation needed] . It is a theory of the Government and Binding framework and its successors. Theta roles are a traditional problem in lexical semantics. It argues for the traditional concept of a listed lexicon, where semantic roles are encoded as features of verbs, and against event decomposition. Verbs and Arguments -Theory Ungrammaticality Additional Topics Outline 1 VerbsandArguments Categoriesofverbs Argumentsandadjunctsagain 2 -Theory TheTheta-Criterion Classicationof -roles Weiwei Sun Theta Roles 2/17 View Chapter8ConstrainingXbartheory.pdf from A EN MISC at Wonkwang University. The major principle of theta-theory is the theta-criterion . select c.country_id, c.country_name, s.state_name from country c left join state s on s.country_id=c.country_id. Theme n. Lecture #1- Preliminaries This course is a course about syntax- the principles by which words combine to form sentences. Together they form a unique fingerprint. This chapter is devoted to a discussion of case, a morphosyntactic property of noun phrases. Some languages, such as German, . In the Theta System, syntax only has access to argument structure as a projection of a lexicon allowing arity manipulation. Meanwhile, leave still has its Agent theta role to assign to the leaver. In generative grammar, a theta role or -role is the formal device for representing syntactic argument structurethe number and type of noun phrasesrequired syntactically by a particular verb. Not to be confused with syntax in programming, syntax in linguistics refers to the arrangement of words and phrases. Both analyses share the property that the NP John receives no theta-role from the main verb. e Projection Principle and the Theta-Criterio. the theory of syntactic projection, the strong version of which is Baker's (1987) Uniformity of Theta Assignment Hypothesis (UTAH): (8) Uniformity of Theta Assignment Hypothesis (UTAH) Identical thematic relationships between items are represented by identical structural relationships between those items at the level of D-Structure. u0001eriencer It is the argument that feels or u0001erceives h u0002u0003 bfu0002u0006u0003f u000e=. Their distribution in sentence structure is mediated chiefly by the Projection Principle and the Theta-Criterion. relationships are represented in syntax across languages. Their distributio. But the verb seems in (i) does not assign a theta-role to its grammatical subject John. Theta criterion ensures That the 2 arguments required by a transitive verb each receive a distinct role. I will treat the two parts here separately. INTRODUCTION In chapters 6 and 7, we developed a very simple and general theory of phrase structure: X-bar theory. This is called the modularity problem, with syntax being one module of grammar, and semantics another. *Traci gave the whale. Typically,. It is the -role which constraints the use of arguments in relation to a. Lecture 06: Theta-theory. Glosses of pronominal agreement consist of a number indicating person, a . Yheme/Pati It is an entity that undergoes actions, is h u0003u0001u0006u000b . Constraining X-bar: Theta Theory 1 Where are we going? Problem with X-bar theory X-bar theory also generates sentences that are not acceptable or grammatical. Example In John buys the apples both the arguments John and the apples are in a theta-position being theta-marked as Agent and Theme. Theta Theory 0. Theta-theory is theory about theta-roles. The Theta Criterion (Or, How I Learned to Stop Worrying about Syntax and Love Semantics) The Theta Criterion (or some equivalent constraint) is an important part of many syntactic theories, since it governs the linking between semantic roles and syntactic positions. 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